Land policy options for development and poverty reduction. Of the total land mass of the country amounting to 752,614, customary land is estimated to be 94 percent and state land is estimated at 6 percent. The zambian government through the minister of lands announced. This paper describes the rich history of zambian land tenure systems and discusses the present land tenure system. Although the statistics are conflicting, the bulk of zambias land is held under customary tenure. Legal framework and administration of land policy in zambia. As a result, in zambia customary land cannot be bought or sold and by law has no monetary value.
Distinctively, the realisation of this goal will be achieved through the contribution of a number of. Issues relating to the development of the agricultural sector 1 introduction 1. Compared to many other southern african countries, zambia has relatively abundant land and water. This article examines the continuities and discontinuities, compatibilities and contradictions in the foreign policy of zambia. Chapter 1 provides a general overview of the history of land policy in zambia and critiques selected pieces of land legislation that define the legal framework governing land rights and land. In trying to address these challenges in the past, malawi has overconcentrated on maize.
Of the total land mass of the country amounting to 752,614, customary land is estimated to be 94 percent and state land is estimated at 6. Thirtyfour percent of land in zambia is agricultural and 57% is forest. Can the fisp more effectively achieve food production and. This power is often necessary for social and economic development and the protection of the natural environment. Preliminary study on the drivers of deforestation and. The 1972 socialist government changed in 1975 the land policy radically in the land. All land in zambia is vested in the republican president. Agricultural pursuits employ the majority of the countrys labour force.
The section on securing land tenure highlights ways to enhance tenure security and the impact of greater tenure security on investment, conflicts over land, and land market participation. The minister stated however, that the policy was not. Republic of zambia ministry of lands, natural resources and environmental protection draft national land policy this is a draft national land policy and as such is a working document and not a final policy document. As the terms of reference state, land policy and the proposed land tenure reforms of. African land policy centre united nations economic. Matt sommerville the former chief of party for tetra tech, without which the. Zambia is characterised by a dual legal system of customary and statutory law and by dual land tenure, with state land and customary land. Farms range in size from household farms to large commercial farms. Civil society views for propoor land policies and laws in zambia.
To the southwest is the thin projection of namibian territory known as the caprivi strip, at the eastern end of which zambia and three of its neighbours namibia, botswana, and zimbabwe appear to meet at a pointa quadripointalthough the precise nature of. In 1911 these were united to form northern rhodesia, with its capital at livingstone, near victoria falls. Zambia particularly in the field of gemstone and industrial mineral, which offer great potential. A first wave of socialistoriented reforms took place after independence in. The land policy initiative is a joint programme of the tripartite consortium consisting of the african union commission auc, the african development bank afdb and united nations economic commission for africa eca. Issues the current system of land legislation, based on antiquated english law, is badly in need of. More fundamentally, zambia needs to implement an overarching land policy that seeks to balance the social and economic objectives of the country. Legal framework and administration of land policy in zambia by michael roth, a. It is a power possessed in one form or another by governments of all modern nations. In fact, access to land is already a major problem for large segments of the rural population in zambia. The country has no comprehensive policy or national guidelines about standards to be applied. An integrated approach to rural planning and development in. According to the lands act 1995, all land in zambia belongs to the state. The latest jctr 2001 monthly food basket survey shows that it is becoming more and more.
Need to mainstream gender equality into all policies. Framework and considered a prerequisite for economic. It is a social crisis with the majority of people denied a minimum decent living standard. This policy is the second national agricultural policy which has been formulated in order to take into. Introduction and background to the position paper this position paper on zambia s draft land administration and management policy of 2006 hereinafter called the draft land policy has been developed by zambia land alliance zla. Despite the adoption almost a decade ago of a national gender policy that aims to ensure fair participation of men and women in the development process, most of the zambian governments policies. Pdf land tenure in zambia bastiaan van loenen academia. Land registration and cadastral systems exist in great variety. Land tenure policy and practice in zambia draft, january 2003 1 land tenure policy and practice in zambia. Land free fulltext the anatomy of mediumscale farm.
Introduction and background to the position paper this position paper on zambias draft land administration and management policy of 2006 hereinafter called the draft land policy has been developed by zambia land alliance zla. Zambias population trends by sex, 2012, 20 and 2014 7. Handout by zambia land alliance shaping policy for. In zambia for example, while both women and men may acquire a registered land title under the lands act, customary land tenure is also recognized and administered by the local courts pursuant to customary traditions. Introduction land is a primary resource that men and women in zambia depend on for their livelihood. Modern customary law draws its inspiration from african culture gluckman 1941. Agriculture, fishery and forestry, which account for 20 per cent of zambian gdp, shrunk by 2. In general, the least productive land in zambia is held under customary tenure by small farmers while the most productive land is leased for commercial farms, mining operations, and urban and tourism developments. Smart zambia transformation agenda 2064 and embeds in it the economic recovery necessary for the actualisation of a smart zambia.
Updated every three years with annual progress reports, they describe the countrys macroeconomic. Civil society position on zambias draft land policy of october 2006 18th october 2007 1. Ministry of gender 2nd floor new government complex. Handout by zambia land alliance shaping policy for development.
Government is implementing a national land audit programme and the zambia land information management system zlims, which, once completed, will facilitate the. An integrated approach to rural planning and development. Zambia has a long land border on the west with angola but is divided from its neighbours to the south by the zambezi river. It should not be quoted and interpreted as the policy of the. The lands act a s part i national assembly of zambia. This is zambia s draft national land policy and as such is a working document and not a final policy document. In as far as the zambian government is concerned, land is a very important factor of production as it provides a. New land policy to empower zambians zambia daily mail. Among a population of perhaps one million, there were about 1,500 white residents. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this. The announcement by the ministry of lands and natural resources that it will finalise the revision of the national land policy by the end of this quarter is.
Reflections on policy and practice page 2 acknowledgement zgf would like to acknowledge the variable input made in this paper by our collaborating partner on land issues, dr. It should not be quoted and interpreted as the policy of the government of zambia or any other government ministry or department. Zambia has achieved important progress in terms of strengthening its policy framework for investment over the past few years. Zulu also critcised the current land act which for not being gender sensitive as. A framework to strengthen land rights, enhance productivity and secure livelihoods african union african development bank economic commission for africa how can the land sector play its proper role. This policy provides policy guidelines for the development of the agriculture sector in zambia. This is zambias draft national land policy and as such is a working document and not a final policy document.
Land is the space upon which all human activities take place and provides continued existence of all life forms and minerals. Challenges of affordable housing delivery in zambia cahf. Sadly, the adverse economic conditions of the 1980s, combined with. This paper describes the rich history of zambian land tenure systems and. Zambia began to liberalize its trade regime in the early nineties, and embarked on a privatization programme in 1992, initially by targeting a few, smallscale companies. Implementation of the zambian housing policy 3 zambia is a landlocked country located in southern central africa in a tropical belt of fairly high plateau averaging 0 metres above sea level.
Zambia has a vast land and natural resource base, although only about onesixth of the countrys arable land is under cultivation. Until a land policy is in place, pressure from domestic investors to acquire valuable farm land will continue unabated, to the detriment of future generations of smallscale farmers. The foreign policy of any country contains a variety of values and goals, and advances several interests and concerns. The note focuses on two key land policy interventions. Zambias economic policy framework from a central state controlled to a free market and liberalized economy, with greater emphasis on private sector participation in the economy. The national policy on climate change should be put in place and institutional. Some of the policies included the privatisation, liberalization of the financial sector, freeing of interest rates.
At first the bsac administered its territory north of the zambezi in two parts, northeastern and northwestern rhodesia. Its purpose is to enable the use of land to lend impetus to the process of african development. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. The challenges of customary land tenure in zambia shaping the change xxiii fig congress munich, germany, october 8, 2006 211 the challenges of customary land tenure in zambia mweembe muleya mudenda, zambia 1. Land is the most fundamental resource in any society because it is the basis of human survival. The government needs public support of all partners towards a zambia where there is equitable access to secure land ownership by all zambians, that is. Policy, land use and tenure mweembe muleya mudenda an integrated approach to rural planning and development in zambia shaping the change xxiii fig congress munich, germany, october 8, 2006 312 africa and yet her rural areas are the most backward and underprivileged njungu, 1998. An overview of zambias economic and poverty situation. An overview of zambia s economic and poverty situation introduction poverty is the most profound challenge that zambia faces today. Poverty reduction strategy papers prsps zambia enhanced structural adjustment facility policy framework paper, 19992001 prepared by the zambian authorities in collaboration with the staffs of the fund and the world bank march 10, 1999. Land, and in particular agricultural land, is central to livelhoods in rural zambia. Framework and considered a prerequisite for economic growth guidelines on land policy in africa land policy in africa. Moreover, depending of future land allocation policy, access to good quality land with a. Chiefs have in recent years given out land and title to investors in affordable housing, though the approval of the draft land policy remains key in traditional land allocation.
Land performs basic and fundamental functions that support. Zambia agriculture, forestry, and fishing britannica. While historically the majority of land in zambia has been held under customary tenure, leases also called leasehold titles are the only legal means of holding land rights. Lusaka, jun 29 2010 ips despite the adoption almost a decade ago of a national gender policy that aims to ensure fair participation of men and women in the development process, most of the zambian governments policies still remain gender blind, say civil society and womens rights associations. Psacharopoulos wishes to acknowledge the help of professor g. Zambia state lands and reserves orders, 1928 to 1964, the zambia trust land orders, 1947 to 1964, the zambia gwembe district orders, 1959 to 1964, and the western province land and miscellaneous provisions act, 1970. The republic of zambia ministry of lands and natural resources draft national land policy this is a draft national land policy and as such is a working document and. Civil society position on zambia s draft land policy of october 2006 18th october 2007 1. Land use policy is an international and interdisciplinary journal concerned with the social, economic, political, legal, physical and planning aspects of urban and rural land use. Current land policy on customary land administration in zambia the government policy on customary land administration is not inone constitutive document but found in several laws, presidential decrees, and ministerial circulars and cabinet circulars. Usaid country profile landlinks was created by e3land, a. Poverty reduction strategy paper poverty reduction strategy papers prsps are prepared by member countries in broad consultation with stakeholders and development partners, including the staffs of the world bank and the imf.
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